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1.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 33(3): 72-80, 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-965050

ABSTRACT

Se han descrito varios subtipos infrecuentes de melanoma maligno en la literatura médica. A pesar de su baja frecuencia ­ que no suele superar el dos por ciento en varias series de melanoma ­ es muy importante reconocerlos precozmente pues un diagnóstico tardío está asociado a un muy mal pronóstico. En esta primera parte incluiremos; melanoma animal, melanoma desmoplásico, melanoma dérmico primario, melanoma en mucosas y melanoma nevoide.


Several infrequent subtypes of malignant melanoma have been described in the medical literature. Although their low frequency ­ less than two percent in various series of melanoma ­ it is very important to early recognize them because late diagnosis is associated with a very poor prognosis. In this first manuscript we will include; animal melanoma, desmoplastic melanoma, dermal melanoma, mucous melanoma and nevoid melanoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/pathology , Biopsy , Dermoscopy
2.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 33(3): 81-89, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-965055

ABSTRACT

Se han descrito varios subtipos infrecuentes de melanoma maligno en la literatura médica. A pesar de su baja frecuencia ­ que no suele superar el dos por ciento en varias series de melanoma ­ es muy importante reconocerlos precozmente pues un diagnóstico tardío está asociado a un muy mal pronóstico. En esta segunda parte incluiremos: melanoma verrugoso, melanoma polipoideo, melanoma hipomelanótico y amelanótico, melanoma folicular, melanoma spitzoide, melanoma con diferenciación no melanocítica.


Several infrequent subtypes of malignant melanoma have been described in the medical literature. Although their low frequency ­ less than two percent in various series of melanoma ­ it is very important to early recognize them because late diagnosis is associated with a very poor prognosis. In this second part we will include: verrucous melanoma, polypoid melanoma, hypomelanotic and amelanotic melanoma, follicular melanoma, spitzoid melanoma and non-melanocytic differentiation melanoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/pathology , Biopsy , Dermoscopy
3.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 39(2): 190-205, mayo-jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594590

ABSTRACT

The critically ill obstetric patient represents a complex clinical challenge that requires a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of our study wasto assess the utilization rate, admission diagnosis and maternal-fetal outcome of critically ill obstetrical patients admitted in a single institution high dependency/Intensive care Unit in Colombia, Latin America. A 3-year retrospective review of hospital records was completed. Eight hundred and nineteen patients were admitted ina 3 year period, representing 3.3 % of all deliveries, 64 % of the admissions were in the antepartum period. Obstetric complications accounted for 82 % of admissions; the preeclampsia – eclampsia and its complications were the most common diagnosis (50.5 %) and obstetric hemorrhage was the primary cause of severe morbidity and mortality. There were seven deaths (0.85 %). The average length of stay at the unit was 2.41 days (1-15). Nine patients were transferred to a medical/surgical Intensive Care Unit during the study. Uses of an exclusive Obstetric high dependency unit includes the concurrent availability of an obstetric, perinatal and critical care management, with low threshold for admission either antenatal or in the postnatal period, that allow an efficient and opportune management of the complex obstetric patient.


La paciente obstétrica críticamente enferma representa un reto clínico muy complejo, que requiere un manejo multidisciplinario. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer las tasasde utilización, los diagnósticos de ingreso y los desenlaces materno-fetales de pacientes obstétricascríticamente enfermas admitidas a una unidad de cuidado intensivo/de alta dependencia en Colombia. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de tres años de los registros hospitalarios. Duranteun periodo de tres años fueron admitidas 819 pacientes, que representaron el 3,3 % de todos los nacimientos, y entre las cuales el 64 % fueron preparto. Las complicaciones obstétricas representaron el 82 % de las admisiones: la preeclampsia- eclampsia y sus complicaciones fueronlos diagnósticos más comunes (50,5 %), y la hemorragia obstétrica fue la principal causa de morbilidad severa y mortalidad. Hubo siete muertes (0,85 %). La estancia promedio en la unidad fue de 2,41 días (de 1 a 15). Nueve pacientes fueron transferidas a unidades de cuidado intensivomédico-quirúrgicas durante el periodo estudiado. El uso de una unidad de alta dependencia exclusiva de obstetricia —incluyendo la disponibilidad de manejo obstétrico, perinatal y de cuidadocrítico, en conjunto con unos umbrales bajos de admisión, ya sea prenatal o postnatal— permiten un manejo eficiente y oportuno de las pacientesobstétricas complejas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Eclampsia , Hemorrhage , Maternal Mortality , Mortality , Pre-Eclampsia
4.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 38(3): 348-360, ago.-oct. 2010. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594543

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Reportamos nuestra experiencia en el manejo de una serie de pacientes obstétricas con enfermedad cardiaca de diferentes etiologías, utilizando una estrategia de estratificación del riesgo, para elaborar un plan de manejo periparto en el que está incluido el manejo anestésico. Métodos. Serie de casos. Revisión retrospectiva de 37 pacientes embarazadas con diagnóstico de enfermedad cardiaca de diferentes etiologías, ingresadas a la Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica de la Clínica del Prado, de Medellín, Colombia entre 2005 y 2009. Resultados. Del total de 37 pacientes, 15 presentaron enfermedad cardiaca congénita; 13, enfermedad cardiaca valvular; 5, cardiomiopatía periparto, y las 4 restantes, trastornos del ritmo y enfermedad isquémica. Se estratificó el riesgo según la clasificación de lesiones anatómicas y el riesgo de eventos cardiacos basados en el CARPREG. Se identificaron ocho pacientes en el grupo de alto riesgo y el resto, en riesgo intermedio y bajo. La mayor parte de las pacientes fueron manejadas con técnicas anestésicas conductivas (89,2 %). La decisión de cesárea (35 %) se dio por indicación obstétrica. Se presentaron complicaciones maternas de origen cardiovascular en el 10,8 % de los casos. No se presentaron muertes maternas. Conclusión. La implementación de un protocolo de estratificación del riesgo de muerte y de la aparición de complicaciones cardiovasculares en la paciente embarazada con cardiopatía le permite al anestesiólogo hacer parte integral del grupo interdisciplinario de manejo y, así, tener impacto en la obtención de un mejor resultado materno y perinatal en este grupo de pacientes.


Objetive. We report a series of obstetric patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases, using a risk based strategy to develop peripartum plans in which the anesthetic management is included.Methodos. Case reports. Retrospective analysis of 37 pregnant patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases admitted to the High Dependency Unit of Clínica del Prado, in Medellín, Colombia from 2005 to 2009. Results. From a total of 37 patients, 15 had congenital heart disease, 13 valvular disease, 5postpartum cardiomyopathy, and the other 4 included rhythm abnormalities and ischemic heart disease. CARPREG study criteria were used for risk stratification. Eight patients were identified in the high risk group, and the rest as intermediate and low risk. Most of the patients had regional anesthesia management (89.2 %). The decision for caesarean section was decided forobstetric indication was performed in 35 % of the cases. There were cardiac complications in 10.8 % of the cases and there were no maternal deaths. Conclusions. The application of a morbidity and mortality cardiac risk stratification protocol in pregnant women allows the anesthesiologist toparticipate in a multispecialty treatment team, and so they are able to achieve the best possible maternal outcome in this group of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia , Heart Diseases , Pregnancy Complications , Risk , Heart Diseases , Obstetric Labor Complications , Pregnancy Complications
5.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 37(3): 177-188, ago.-oct. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594598

ABSTRACT

Background: Morphine Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) increases the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the effectiveness adding haloperidol is unknown. Methods: 145 women scheduled to undergo short-stay surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned in two groups: One group received 2 mg i.v. of haloperidol 30 minutes before the end of surgery plus 2 mg mixed with 50 mg of morphine for administration via PCA (Group H); the other group received the same analgesic scheme for pain management using two comparable i.v. boluses of saline (Group P). Furthermore, both groups received dexamethasone 4 mg during anaesthesia induction. Ondansetron (4 mg i.v.) was used for antiemetic rescue. significa Participants and outcomes assessors were blinded to group assignment. The primary endpoints were incidence of nausea, vomiting and antiemetic requirements during the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary endpoints included sedation and morphine requirement. Results: Cumulative data at 24 hours showed that the group H had less nausea (71.2% vs. 20.6%; RR 0.29 [95% CI: 0.17-0.46]) and vomiting (47% vs. 11.8%; RR 0.25; [95% CI: 0.12-0.49]), and required less ondansetron (66.7% vs. 17.7%), but had an increased incidence of sedation (NNH: 3.5; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7). The NNT for Total response (no nausea, no vomiting/retching) was 2.5 (0-2 hours) and 2 (2-24 hours). Conclusion: A bolus of haloperidol 2 mg prior to the end of surgery followed by 2 mg mixed with 50 mg of Morphine for PCA administration can significantly reduce the frequency of PONV but at a cost of increased sedation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Haloperidol , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting , Analgesia , Nausea , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 25(2): 289-294, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-495943

ABSTRACT

El paladar óseo podría ser una zona favorable como dadora de injertos, siempre que se pueda determinar con seguridad su grosor. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la correlación entre la altura facial superior y el grosor del paladar óseo. En 29 cráneos secos se midió la altura facial superior, ubicando los puntos craneométricos nasion y prostion. Luego se midió el grosor del paladar óseo de todas las muestras a los 6 y 9 mm a dorsal del conducto incisivo, en la zona paramediana (3 y 6 mm. de la línea media en ambas antímeras). Se realizó el Test de Correlación de Pearson, para establecer si la altura facial puede predecir el grosor del paladar óseo. Existe una gran variabilidad en el grosor del paladar óseo entre los cráneos, con un rango de 0,1 a 1,1 cm. El mayor grosor se presentó a los 6 mm. hacia dorsal del conducto incisivo, con un promedio de 0,71 +/- 0,20 cm. No se determinó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la altura facial superior y el grosor del paladar. Para definir ajustadamente el grosor del paladar óseo y, asimismo, su utilidad como zona dadora de injerto, será necesario confrontar la craneometría con estudios imagenológicos avanzados.


The palate bone could be a favorable zone as a graft donor site whenever there is certainty in determining its thickness. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the upper anterior facial heights with the hard palate thickness. In 29 dry skulls, we measured the upper anterior facial height after identifying the craniometric points nasion and prosthion. Then we measured the thickness of the hard palate of every sample at 6 and 9 mm dorsally from the incisive canal, in both paramedian regions (at 3 and 6 mm from the mid-palatal suture). A statistical analysis was done with Pearson correlation test to establish if the facial height could be a predictor of palate thickness. There exists a great variability in the hard palate's thickness ranging from 0.1 to 1.1 cm. The mean available was found to be best at 6 mm from the incisive canal with an average of 0,71 +/- 0.20 cm. There was no significant correlation between the upper anterior facial height and the palate thickness. To rightly determine the hard palate thickness and, at the same time, its availability as a bone graft site, it would be necessary to confront craniometric methods with advanced imaging techniques.


Subject(s)
Humans , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Palate/anatomy & histology , Bone Transplantation , Cadaver
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